Machine for and method of forming hollow glassware



sept. 2, v1941.

E; G. BRIDGES ,MACHINE FOR AND METHOD OF FORMING HOLLOW GLASSWARE Filed Nov; 30,1937

4 Sheets-Sheet l sept. 2,- 1941. E. G. 'BRiDGEs MACHINE FOR AND METHOD 0F FORMING HOLLOW GLASSWARE 4 sheets-smelt f2 Filed- Nov. 30, 1937 aww Sept. 2, 1941. E. G. BRIDGES- MACHINE FOR AND METHOD oF FoRMING'oLLow GLAsswARE Filed Nov. so, 193'? v Sheets-Sheet 5 @iam/WGBH@ @www A M Nw, Y J Uhr I n uw@ 2%---- l mK.. m d Q @www 0h? u 0m l K XN WWW. W l. W AWO?. hn g w A WF1 \.N\ N. .ff/4 g w @um [FIL SePf- 2, 1941- E. G. BRIDGES 2,254,992'v AMACHINE FOR ANP METHOD 0F FORMING HOLLOW GLASSWAR Filed Npv. so, 1957 4 Sheets-sheet 4 75M Winer gwen/1M @f7 5M/QQ@ Patented Sept. 2, i941 MACHINE FOR AND METHOD 0F FORMIN HOLLOW GLASSWARE Edward Bridges, Anderson, Ind., assignor to' Lynch Corporation, Anderson, Ind., a corporation of Indiana Application November 30, 1937, Serial No. 177,335

6 Claims.

The present invention relates to glamware manufacture and more particularly to an improved method and apparatus of forming hollow glass articles such as bottles, jars and the like.

More specifically the inventionaims to improve the method and apparatus disclosed in my prior Patent No, 2,069,130, enabling many types of bottles and jars to be produced at a higher speed than is possible withthe machine and method of the above mentioned patent.

The improved method, according to the invention is advantageously carried out by a machine of the general type shown in my patent above referred to, by increasing the length and duration of parison forming cycle and additionally setting or cooling the glass in the parison after it has been blown to hollow form, and also in increasing the duration of the parison reheating period, so that the chilled skin or enamel in the parison will be suiiiciently reheated when it arrives at the final blowing position to be uniformly expanded by air pressure into a iinished bottle.

In order to illustrate the invention, reference maybe had to the accompanying, drawings in whichl Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view illustrating vis successively to fixed operating positions A, B,

C, D and E, and the blow molds successively to fixed positions E, F, G, H, I, .l and K.

At the position A the blank mold il! with the associated neck molds I4 is inverted, that is, the neck end is lowermost and is cooperatively positioned with a mouthforrning pin I5 actuated by a pneumatic motor i6 adapted to close the mouth or neck end of the mold. A charge of glassis delivered into the upper open end of the mold at position A, following which a blow head il is appliedto the upper open end of the mold to admit air under pressure to the charge of glass and compact it around the mouthformingpin to form the neck or mouth end of the bottle.v Pref erably the blowhead il' is moved into position to close the mold'by means of a pneumatic motor it (Fig. 4) actuated by air through line i@ from the feeder timer (not shown) so that .the blowhead Il is moved to operative position immediately following and in synchronism with the deliveryof the charge of glass to the blank mold.

Following the compacting of the glass charge in the blank mold and the release of the mouthforming pin i5 and blowhead Il from engagement with the mold, the carrier i l is indexed to one manner of practicing the invention on a twotable bottle forming machine having six blank molds and eight blow molds; Y

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the timing cycle of the machine and method;

Fig. 3 is a similar view illustrating one manner of practicing the invention on a two-table machine having sixvblank molds and six blow molds; l

Fig. 4 isa diagrammatic view illustrating the steps of fabricating the glass es well as the timing connection for operating the fabricating device of the machine shown in Fig. 1; and

Fig. 5 is a similar view illustratingthe steps of table or carrier ii and a plurality of blow molds l2 on a laterally spaced rotatable table or carrier d.

The machine illustrated in Figs. l and 3 advantageously may have six (3) blank molds it, and eight (d) blow molds l, and advantageously' may be pneumatieally driven so as to intermitbring the aforementioned mold to position B where the compacted' charge is blown to hollow form to produce a blown .parison of predetermined length, this operation being termed counterblowing." Preferably the counterblowing is'efected While the blank mold is still inverted, as the upward counterblowing will not weaken the shoulders to the same extent as is the case when counterblowing is downward.

The counterblowing air may be supplied to the mouth end of the parison by means of a blown head 'Et'below the mold and movable into engagement with the neck-end of the mold by means of a pneumatic motor 2i. During this counterblowing operation the upper end of the mold it is advantageously closed, as by means of a baille plate 22 movable into engagement with therupper end of the mold by means of a pneutenti? be -Eotated w present the blank molds '55 matic motor, 23, so as to confine the charge in the mold during counterblowinaproducing a blown parison of predetermined length and form.

'The abcverdescribed steps of compacting and subsequently counterblcwing the `parison while connned in the parlson mold are the usual steps employed in a rotary' gob-fed bottle-forming machine. Usually these steps comprise the wholev parison forming cycle and immediately following counter-.blowing the parison is transferred to a blow or nishing mold, where for a time it is `ing air pressure.

terblown parison to a finishing mold. as is the usual practice, I additionally cool and set the glass parison by again subjecting the interior fined in the same mold I0. This is advantageously accomplished at position C, at which position there is a blowhead 24 actuated by a pneumatic motor 25 below the mold like the blowhead 20 and motor 2|, and a second baille plate 26 and motor 21 like the baille 22 and motor 23. During this second baille or parison blowing position the glass is additionally cooled or set by being forced against the cooler metal mold. Y

Following the second counterblowing operation the mold with the lblown parison in `it is moved from position C to D, and during said movement the mold is inverted by the usual inverting" mechanism to neck end up position. Upon arrival at this station D, the blank mold is opened by means of a pneumatic motor 28 to expose the blown parison hanging from its neck end, so as to permit the reheating of the parison Advantageou'sly the reheating cycle of the machine should equal in duration the parison forming time so that the glass walls of the parison may be oi! uniform temperature permitting a .uniform expansion when subjected to iinal blow- Inasmuch as the glass has been subjected to the cooling action of the 4mold l at three successive operating positions, i. e. A, B,

and C, I preferably permit an equal duration of reheating time at D, E, and F (see Fig. 2). Reheating may be accelerated, if desired, by applying a llame, as for example, from a gas burner 29, to the exposed parison at position D.

- The subsequent movement of the exposed pari- `son -from position D to E, supported .only from its neck, has a tendency to cause the parison to bend below its neck as it is stopped at station E, due to the momentum of the body oi' the parison.

posed parison at station E. the blow mold is closed around the parison by means of a pneumatic motor 32 whose rod acts to close the'mold I2 in the usual manner. As the piston rod moves outwardly, a pin 33 at its end engages a valve Il permitting air to flow through line 34* to opvthereof to air pressure while the parison is con- Furthermore, 'the reheating period at position D,

particularly if accelerated by the ame 2l,` may -be so effective as to permit the parison to stretch parison is at position D. 'Ihe upper surface of this paddle is inclined, so that as it strikes the bottom of the parison, it will shorten the length oi' the parison Vas well as bend .the lower end backward, i. e. contra to its direction of movement toward position E. As the parison is moved from position D to E and is stopped at the latter station, the momentum swings the bottom of the bent parison to substantially upright position.,

synchronously with the movement of the parison from position D to E an open blow mold I2 is moving from position L to E, so that as the parison, supported by the neck rings embracing the neck end is stopped at position E, it is axially over the bottom plate I2* of the blow mold.

Upon arrivai of the blow mold I2 and the exas in the method described above.

erate the pneumatic motor 35 to open the neck ring i4 from the parison. The parison is now supported wholly by the blow or nishing mold, in

which it is moved to position F, the last reheating position.

After the parison has been' permitted to reheat at positions D, E and F which correspond in duration to the parison forming time at positions A, B and C, it is ready to be-blown to finished form. Preferably the bottle iinishing cycle is of duration equal to or greater than the parison forming and reheating cycles and takes place at positions G, H, and I, at which positions the bottle is blown to its finished form by air admitted fromtwo or more blowheads 3S actuated by pneumatic motors 31. In the case of the six blank mold, eight blow mold machine the bottle finishing cycle may be of greater duration than the parison forming or reheating cycles and may be extended to a cooling position J and thence to a takeout station K where themold is opened by a pneumatic motor 'I'he ilnished bottle may be removed by any convenient takeout mechanism 39 but I prefer to use the takeout mechanism shown in my Patent No. 2,015,662'.

Alternatively, I have illustrated (Figs. 3 and 5) a modiiled form of machine embodying the invention and .which may be provided with an equal number of blank and blow molds, six of each being illustrated herein. The same fabrieating devices, as above described, may be provided at the respective parison forming positions A, B, and C.

According to this form of the invention, however, the parison mold may be inverted to upright position during movement from positions A to B,

' so that the counterblowing of the parison is downwardly. This obviously requires that at stations B and C the blowheads 20 and 24 be above the molds and baille plates 22 and 26 be below the molds.

'I'his is advantageous because itpermits, in the manufacture of certain types of ware, the opening of the blank mold at station C, immediately following the second blowing; and prior to or during indexing movement of that mold away from position C, and this may be effected by means of the cylinder 2l located at station C or by means of asuitable cam, as is common in the art.

'Ihis permits of a longer parison reheating time prior to transfer, so that the parison may reheat from positions C to D, and at D and E or F, and the bottles may be blown at F or G, H and I, and removed at position J. According to this form of the invention the reheatingburners 2l and the paddle Il may be provided at station D For certain types of ware, particularly small ware, this additional parison reheating time before transfer permits of a very high production speed with a relatively small number oi' sets of molds.

According to one embodiment o! the invention such as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4, the machine advantageously may be pneumatically driven to aesaeoa l 3 rotate the mold carriers intermittently, land this may be accomplished by means of a reciprocable pneumatic motor dll, the rod il ci which is formed as a rack s2 adapted to engage a spun gear 3 splined on shaft .dii provided at its upper end with a pinion t5. Thel pinion i5 is in mesh with a gear it on the blanlv` mold carrier li and also with another pinion il? in mesh with a gear dit on the blowmold carrier i3 so that the mold carriers it and lil are rotated `in opposite directions, i. e. the blank mold carrier rotates counterclockwise and the blow mold carrier rotates clockwise. Y

The pinion il?, is adapted to be shifted on the shaft dtbeing moved upwardly outof engagement with the rack si? during its idle stroke and downwardly into engagement with. the shaft during its actuating stroke by means of a sleeve i9, the lower end of which is formed as a piston Sli which works in a pneumatic cylinder di. The sleeve also carries' arms 52 with table locking pins 53 adapted to lock the table against rotation when the sleeve is raised and the rack d2 and pinion @i3 are not in mesh, and to unlock the tables, when the sleeve is lowered and the rack A2 and pinion d3 are in mesh.

A primary valve d is provided for controlling I the principal air lines leading to the pneumatically actuated fabricating devices of the machine, such as the mouthforming pin cylinder, the various blcwhcad and baffle plates, the blank and blow mold opening cylinders as well as the blow mold closing cylinders, al1 of which are preferably actuated upon the stopping of an 4in dexing movement oi the tables.`

The valve may be of conventional type, arranged to be actuated by the table indexing rack i12 so as to admit main air pressure from port M alternately to lines 55 and 5S at the ends of opposite strokes c1" the reciprocable rack. Thus at the end of the actuating stroke of the rack d2 the valve is shifted to admit air pressure to line 55 arranged to actuate the various fabricating devices i5, 29, 22, 2li, 2e, 39 and 3S to move them into engagement with the molds, and

also to the cylinders Q3, 32 and 3S to open the blank molds and blow molds as well ,as to close the blow mold. et the end of `the idle stroke of the rack d2 the valve t is shifted to exhaust the air in line 5% and apply air pressure to line 56 to remove the devices i5, il, 2d, i2, 2d, 2S, 3B and 36 away from their respective molds.

` cylinder 5! to unlock the tables.

right (Fig. 4) to reverse the air to motor d moving the rack on its idle stroke. At the end of the idle stroke the rack shifts valve 5t which, among other things, admits air to the top of When the tables are unlocked, the'talole pin valve el `admits air to line 5d t'o reverse the air to motor and drive the rack on its actuating stroke. Thus the automatic reversal ci the motor it is controlled from the primary valve -l through the safety valve 5l insuring completion of the locking or unlocking of the tables, and is automaticon the completion of each reciprocation of the rack 2. The idle stroke of the rack is advantageously a timing stroke, the speed of which may be variably adjusted by checking the exhaust in a conventional manner, so as to vary the production of speed of the machine to suit the particular ware being made.

Certain of the pneumatic devices, such as the blank mold opening motor 23,' the blow `:mold closing motor 32, the neck mold opening cylinder 35, and the blow mold opening motor 33, are moved in their actuating directions 'at the completion of the indexing movementsof the mold carriers and must be reset during the succeeding indexing movement. This may be accomplished by means -of a poppet valve 69 adapted to be' actuated by a series of cams or buttonsv tl on one of the mold carriers, so as to admit air to line leading to the respectivelmotors 32 and 38 to reset them during the initial portion oi' the indexing movement. The takeout mechanism 3S is pneumatically operated, as from the line and advantageously is in the form and construction shown in my Patent No. 2,015,662. Instead of indexing the mold carrier pneumatically as above described, the machine may be Movement of the former B may be delayed as Y desired by providing suitable cocks in the air lines leading to the motor 3i, as is obvious.

Simultaneously air is supplied from line 5o to thelpinion shifting cylinder l to lower it to bring the pinion 33 into mesh with the rack d2 and unlock the table. A valve casing di surrounds Yone of the table locking pins 53 and cooperates with e. port 53 in the pin to admit air to line Ese which leads to valve 39. The automatic admission ofl air to the table rotating motor it is controlled by a controlling valve 5.9, advantageously oi the spool type and adapted to he shifted to reverse air into the opposite ends of the motor hy air pressure controlled from tne lock pin valves el and die. After the tables have been indexed and the rack l completes its' actuating movement and they pin t3 locks the table, air from the feeder timer through line i9 operates the compacting blow head valve Si@ to lower the compacting blow head motor driven from an electric motor through a variable speed drive do, transmission 5l to shaft St carrying right and left fhand worns 'S9 and respectively. These worms Bil-'IB are in meshwith worm wheels lirespectively. on

Geneva rotors'lS-ld engaging slotted Geneva Wheels i5- l5 respectively. on the columns of the blank and blow mold carriers i l-,-I3. Thus the mold carriers H-i are intermittently rotated synchronously in opposite directions.

The timing .ci the various pneumatic motors for the actuation of the fabricating devices I5, il, 20, 22, 2d, 2S, 3d and 35, as well as for operating the mold opening and closing cylinder motors 28; 32 and 38, may be' controlled by a timer e6 suitably geared to the transmission S1, so as to rotate continuously and in synchronism with the forming machine .and feeding device. The

timer 88 is advantageously in the form of a drum provided with a series of circumferential slots di in which are adlustably mounted cams or buttons t2 adapted to actuate upvnet valves et for alternately applying and exhausting air to the respective lines leading to the various pneumetically actuated devices. As illustrated, the upper poppet valve controls air to line de to .apply the neck pin, the hama plates and various blowheads, as well as the mold actuating cylinders di and 3d. As soon as a charge ci glass is delivered into a pai-isos mold at station A, the compacting "olosvhead il is applied by air from the feeder timer la. at the end of the station operation, this. drst valve exhausts the air in line do, and another poppet valve admitsv air to line ydd" to withdraw the various devices from engagement with the molds.

Separate valves may be providedior actuating the paume motor al, the resetting of the blank mold opening motor 28, blow mold closing cylin- Ader and neck ring opening cylinder 35, as well the cams or buttons 82 must be of desired length to maintain air pressure in the respective lines equivalent to the duration of the variousoperations controlled by such lines, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art'. y

Advantages of the invention reside principally in the increased production possible in a standard type of machine using a minimum number of molds.- In many instances the production speed of the machine may be increased from 20 to 30 per cent or more.

I claim:

1. A-glassware forming machine of the type referred to comprising a parison mold carrier, a. plurality of linvertible parison molds mounted thereon, means for intermittently moving said carrier to present said parison molds successively to charging, first baiiie, second baille, reheating and transfer stations, means adjacent the charging station for initially shaping a chargeof glass in a parison mold, means at the first baille station adapted to engage opposite ends of the mold for confining the charge therein and for counterblowing the charge to hollow form, separate means at the second baille station for again conning the charge and again expanding the counterblown charge to set the glass of the thusformed parison, means for disengaging the parison mold from the parison adjacent the reheating station, means operative following the disengagement of the parison mold from the parison for shortening the length of the parison thus formed, a finishing mold, means for subsequently transferring the parison to the finishing mold, and means for blowing the article to finished form in the finishing mold.

in inverted position, means adjacent the charging the mold and for again blowing the charge to set the glass thereof, means for inverting the parison 3. A glassware forming machine as defined inclaim 2 characterized by the provision of means for directing a reheating iiame against the exposed glass parison after the parison molds have been opened away from the parison and prior to transfer to the finishing mold.

4. The method of shaping hollow glass articles, such as bottles, jars and the like in parison and finishing molds, which comprises compacting a charge of glass in an inverted parison mold, thereafter confining the charge in the parison mold and admitting air pressure to the mouth end thereof to 'expand the 'glass charge upwardly in the confined parison mold to counterblow the parison, exposing portions of the counterblown parison'to the atmosphere, again confining the parison in the same mold, admitting air pressure to the interior of the blown parison in the thus confined mold to set the glass, disengaging the mold from the glass parison, reheating the parison, moving the parison to a transfer position and transferring it to a finishing mold. and blow ing the article to finished form in the finishing mold.

5. The method of shaping hollow glass articles, such as bottles, jars and the like in parison and nishing molds, which comprises compacting a charge of glass in an inverted parison mold, inverting the parison mold and parison, thereafter confining the charge in the parison mold and admitting air pressure to the mouth end thereof to expand the glass charge in the confined parison mold to counterblow the parison, exposing portions of the counter-blown parison to the atmosphere, again confining the parison in the same mold, and then admitting air pressure to the interior of the blown parison in the thus confinedmold to set the glass, disengaging the mold from the glass parison, reheating the parison, moving the parison to a transfer position and transferring ,it to a finishing mold, and blowing the article to finished form in the finishing mold.

6. The method of shaping hollow glass articles, such as bottles, jars and the like in parison and flnishing'molds, ywhich comprises compacting a charge of glass in an inverted parison mold, thereafter confining the charge in the parison mold and admitting air pressure to the mouth end thereof to expand the glass charge upwardly in the conned parison mold to counterblow the to upright position during movement of the molds 'from the second bafiie station to a reheating stafinishing mold at a transfer station removed from the reheating station, and means for blowparison, exposing portions of the counterblown parison to the atmosphere, again confining the parison in the mold and then admitting air pressure to the interior of the blown parison in the thus confined mold to set the glass, inverting the parison, disengaging the mold from the glass parison, reheating the parison and shortening the length thereof, moving the parison to a transfer position and transferring it to a finishing mold, and blowing the article to finished form in the finishing mold.

EDWARD G. BRIDGES. 

